Pain Research

Article looking at negative effects of CBD when put out to the masses and the importance of direct interaction with a healthcare professional.

Cannabinoids are well known to have anti-inflammatory effects in mammalians, however, the Cannabis plant also contains other compounds such as terpenoids, whose biological effects have not yet been characterized. The aim of this study was to compare the anti-inflammatory properties of terpenoids with those of cannabidiol (CBD).

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic liver disorder in which clinical presentation can vary widely from non-specifc extrahepatic symptoms to fulminant hepatic failure. Utilization and safety of cannabidiol (CBD) in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) are currently unknown. This study aimed to identify the frequency of CBD use, impact on symptoms, and safety profile.

Cannabis has a long history of medical use. Although there are many cannabinoids present in cannabis, ∆9tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are the two components found in the highest concentrations. CBD itself does not produce typical behavioral cannabimimetic effects and was thought not to be responsible for psychotropic effects of cannabis.

Tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) is an established pain modulator in the peripheral nervous system. Elevated levels of TNF-a in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons reportedly is critical for neuropathic pain processing. It has been shown that the production of nitric oxide, a key player in the development and maintenance of nociception, depends on the expression of nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) and their activities.

This study aimed to evaluate pain and its symptoms in patients with failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) refractory to other therapies, treated with a combination of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), in association with spinal cord stimulation (SCS).

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are a group of membrane proteins involved in the transduction of a plethora of chemical and physical stimuli. These channels modulate ion entry, mediating a variety of neural signaling processes implicated in the sensation of temperature, pressure, and pH, as well as smell, taste, vision, and pain perception.

Despite growing interest in the therapeutic use of cannabis to manage chronic pain, only limited data that address these issues are available. In recent years, a number of nations have introduced specific laws to allow patients to use cannabis preparations to treat a variety of medical conditions.

The discovery of the endocannabinoid system nearly three decades ago generated great interest among pain scientists. Moreover, its analogy with the opioid system in terms of evolutionary preservation, tissue localization and analgesic activity enabled a vast new field for the development of medicines addressed to those types of pain that still nowadays are difficult to manage.

It has been established that both adult and larval zebrafish are capable of showing nociceptive responses to noxious stimuli; however, the use of larvae to test novel analgesics has not been fully explored. Zebrafish larvae represent a low-cost, high-throughput alternative to traditional mammalian models for the assessment of product efficacy during the initial stages of drug development.

Studies have demonstrated the presence of T-helper 2 lymphocytes in the lung of patients with asthma. These cells are involved in the cytokine production that regulates immunoglobulin synthesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of cannabidiol (CBD) in this setting.

Chronic pain is highly prevalent in most of the industrialized nations around the world. Despite the documented adverse effects, opioids are widely used for pain management. Cannabinoids and specifically Cannabidiol, is proposed as an opioid alternative, having comparable efficacy with better safety profile.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Efficacy of treatments for MS is associated with risk of adverse effects, and effective and well-tolerated drugs remain a major unmet need. Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L., fam. Cannabaceae) and cannabinoids are popular among MS patients to treat spasticity and pain.

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a common chronic pain syndrome that significantly impacts patient quality- of-life. The use of cannabis for treating fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) has not been comprehensively investigated. Thus, we have assessed the efficacy and adverse events (AEs) of short- and long-term medical cannabis (MC) treatment for FMS.

The astrocytes have gained in recent decades an enormous interest as a potential target for neurotherapies, due to their essential and pleiotropic roles in brain physiology and pathology. Their precise regulation is still far from understood, although several candidate molecules/systems arise as promising targets for astrocyte-mediated neuroregulation and/or neuroprotection.

Clinical studies have reported that pain-cannabinoid receptor agonists may have efficacy in neuropathic pain states and that this might be enhanced by co-administration with opioids. While cannabinoid-opioid analgesic synergy has been demonstrated in animal models of acute pain, it has not been examined in neuropathic pain models.

The aim of this review was to assess the efficacy of cannabis preparations for relieving pain in patients with malignant diseases, through a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which were predominantly double-blind trials that compared cannabis preparation to a placebo.

Chronic neuropathic pain is a prevalent condition that places a heavy burden on individuals and the healthcare system. Current medications have limitations and new approaches are needed, particularly given the current opioid crisis. There is some clinical evidence that cannabis sativa produces relief from neuropathic pain.

Neuropathic pain, resistant to opiates and other drugs, is a chronic/persistent state with a complex treatment and often poor efficacy. In this scenario, cannabinoids are increasingly regarded as a genuine alternative. In this paper, and in experimental animal model of neuropathic pain, we studied the efficacy of three kinds of PLGA nanoparticles containing synthetic cannabinoid CB13.

Arthritis has profound health, societal, and financial implications in the United States. An estimated 52.5 million adults in the United States in 2012 had a diagnosis of arthritis, and this number is projected to increase to 72.4 million by 2040. This study aimed to assess the quality of online resources pertaining to cannabidiol (CBD) for the nonoperative management of hip and knee arthritis.